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Natalie Glance, Ph.D. has served as our Chief Engineering Officer since November 2022, prior to which she served as our Senior Vice President of Engineering since December 2019, our Vice President of Engineering from February 2017 to December 2019 and our Director of Engineering from March 2015 to February 2017. From 2007 to 2015, Dr. Glance served as an Engineering Manager at Google. Dr. Glance holds a B.A. in Physics from Princeton University and a Ph.D. in Physics from Stanford University.

Stephen Chen has served as our General Counsel since March 2020. From July 2014 to February 2020, he served as Associate General Counsel for Proofpoint, Inc., an enterprise security company. Mr. Chen previously served as Associate General Counsel of Marin Software, Director and Senior Counsel, Mergers and Acquisition at VMWare, Inc. and Legal Director of Yahoo!. Mr. Chen holds a B.A. in History and a J.D. from Harvard University.

Robert Meese has served as our Chief Business Officer since March 2021, after having served as our Chief Revenue Officer from December 2018 to March 2021 and our Vice President of Business from September 2016 to December 2018. From August 2008 to September 2016, he held various roles at Google, including most recently as Director, Global Head of Games Business Development, Google Play. Mr. Meese holds a B.S. in Economics and a B.S. in Computer Science from the University of Pennsylvania and an M.B.A. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Luis von Ahn, Ph.D. has served as a member of our Board of Directors and as our Chief Executive Officer since August 2011, when he co-founded Duolingo with Dr. Hacker. Prior to founding Duolingo, he served as the Chief Executive Officer of reCAPTCHA, Inc., a fraud detection technology company, from 2007 until its acquisition by Google in 2009. Dr. von Ahn has served on the board of directors of Root, Inc., a publicly-traded technology company focusing on personal insurance, from October 2020 to October 2022. Dr. von Ahn holds a B.S. in Mathematics from Duke University and a Ph.D. in Computer Science from Carnegie Mellon University.

Sara Clemens has served as a member of our Board of Directors since June 2020. Ms. Clemens served as the Chief Operating Officer at Twitch from January 2018 to February 2022. From 2014 to 2017, she served as the Chief Operating Officer at Pandora Media and, from 2012 to 2013, she served as the Vice President of Corporate Development at LinkedIn. Ms. Clemens is currently a Senior Advisor to Blackstone Growth, and serves on the board of directors of Khosla Ventures Acquisition Co. III and Karat. Ms. Clemens holds a B.A. in English and an M.A. (Hons) from the University of Canterbury, New Zealand.

On January 8, 2026, the Board of Directors of the Company appointed Gillian Munson as the Company's Chief Financial Officer and as principal financial officer and principal accounting officer, effective as of February 23, 2026. Gillian Munson has served as a member of our Board of Directors since September 2019. Ms. Munson has served as the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of Vimeo since April 2022. She was the CFO of Iora Health, Inc., a healthcare company, from January 2021 until the company's sale in September 2021, subsequently acting as Special Advisor to the CFO of the acquiring company, One Medical. Ms. Munson was a Venture Partner at Union Square Ventures from April 2019 to July 2021 and served as CFO of XO Group Inc., the parent company of The Knot Inc., a media and technology company from 2013 to 2019. Ms. Munson's previous positions include Managing Director at Allen & Company LLC, Vice President, Business Development at Symbol Technologies, LLC, and both Executive Director and Senior Equity Analyst at Morgan Stanley. Ms. Munson has served on the board of directors of Phreesia, Inc., a publicly-traded software company, since May 2019, and previously served on the board of directors of Monster Worldwide, Inc. from 2015 to 2016. Ms. Munson holds a B.A. in Political Science and Economics from the Colorado College in Colorado Springs.

Mario Schlosser has served as a member of our Board of Directors since July 2024. Mr. Schlosser is the co-founder of Oscar Health, Inc. (Oscar), a healthcare technology company, where he has served as Chief Technology Officer and President of Technology since April 2023. From December 2012 to April 2023, Mr. Schlosser served as Chief Executive Officer of Oscar and led the company from its inception to serving over one million members. Mr. Schlosser has also served as a member of the board of directors of Oscar since December 2012. Prior to co-founding Oscar Health, Mr. Schlosser co-founded a leading social gaming company in Latin America and worked at Bridgewater Associates and McKinsey & Company. In addition to his service on the Oscar board, he currently serves on the board of the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Information Technology, on the guiding council of One Mind at Work and the board of Tech:NYC. Previously, he was a visiting researcher in Stanford University's computer science department where he developed algorithms for information dissemination in dynamic networks. He is the author of 10 computer science publications, including a seminal paper on computing trust in randomized networks. Mr. Schlosser holds a degree in computer science with highest distinction from the University of Hannover in Germany and an MBA from Harvard Business School.

Amy Bohutinsky has served as a member of our Board of Directors since June 2020. From 2005 to 2019, Ms. Bohutinsky held various leadership roles at Zillow Group, Inc., a publicly traded online real estate marketplace company, including serving as Chief Operating Officer from August 2015 to 2019 and as Chief Marketing Officer from March 2011 to August 2015. From 2001 to 2005, she held leadership roles at Hotwire, Inc., an online travel company, including Director of Corporate Communications. Ms. Bohutinsky has served as an operating partner at TCV, a private equity and venture capital firm, since 2019. She has served on the boards of directors of Zillow Group since 2018 and WealthSimple, a privately-held Canadian fintech company, since 2024. She previously served on the boards of directors of Gap, Inc., a publicly traded clothing retailer, from 2018 to 2020, HotelTonight, LLC, a privately held mobile-based hotel booking service acquired by Airbnb, Inc. in 2019, and Avvo, Inc., a privately held online legal marketplace acquired by Internet Brands in 2018. Ms. Bohutinsky holds a B.A. in Journalism and Mass Communications from Washington & Lee University.

Jim Shelton has served as a member of our Board of Directors since October 2020. Mr. Shelton has served as Chief Executive Officer of Blue Meridian Partners since March 2025. Prior to that, he served as Chief Investment and Impact Officer at Blue Meridian Partners, a nonprofit funding collaborative, beginning in January 2020, and as a Partner at Amandla Enterprises, an impact investment and advisory firm, beginning in July 2018. From July 2016 to July 2018, Mr. Shelton served as President of Education at the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative. From June 2015 to July 2016, he served as President and Chief Impact Officer of 2U, Inc., an educational technology company. From 2009 to 2015, Mr. Shelton held various roles at the U.S. Department of Education, most recently as Deputy Secretary and Chief Operating Officer. Mr. Shelton holds a B.A. in Computer Science from Morehouse College and an M.S. in Education and an M.B.A. from the Stanford Graduate School of Business.

John Lilly has served on our Board of Directors since December 2021. Mr. Lilly is a venture partner at Greylock Partners, a venture capital firm, where he has served since January 2011. He has also served on the Board of Directors of Figma since 2014, Prior to joining Greylock, Mr. Lilly was with Mozilla Corporation, the organization behind Firefox, the open-source web browser. He joined Mozilla in 2005 as Vice President of Business Development, served as Chief Operating Officer and a member of the board of directors from 2006 to 2008, and served as Chief Executive Officer from 2008 to 2010. Mr. Lilly was the founder, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Technology Officer and Vice President of products for Reactivity, a software company acquired by Cisco Systems in 2007. He previously held staff positions at Apple, Sun Microsystems, and Trilogy Software. Mr. Lilly has been an active participant in open-source projects and has served on the boards of the Open Source Applications Foundation and the Participatory Culture Foundation. Mr. Lilly earned a B.Sc. and M.Sc. in computer science from Stanford University.

Bonnie Ross has served as a member of our Board of Directors since December 2024. Ms. Ross has over 30 years of experience in the gaming industry. From August 2014 to September 2022, Ms. Ross served as Corporate Vice President at Microsoft Corporation and Head of the Halo franchise. In 2019, Ms. Ross was inducted into the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences Hall of Fame for her contributions to gaming and her advocacy for diversity and STEM education. She co-founded the Women in Gaming community and is actively involved in promoting further inclusion in technology. Ms. Ross serves on the Dean's Leadership Council for the College of Natural Sciences at Colorado State University. Ms. Ross holds a B.A. in Technical and Scientific Communication from Colorado State University.

On August 10, 2026, the Board of Directors of Duolingo, Inc. appointed Sallie Krawcheck to serve as a Class I director on the Company's Board effective immediately.

Severin Hacker, Ph.D. has served as a member of our Board of Directors and as our Chief Technology Officer since August 2011, when he co-founded Duolingo with Dr. von Ahn. Dr. Hacker holds a B.S. in Computer Science from Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Switzerland and a Ph.D. in Computer Science from Carnegie Mellon University.